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Table Of Contents
Best Residency Mnemonics
Anatomy
| Femoral sheath structures | NAVEL (lateral to medial) Nerve Artery Vein Empty Space Lymphatics |
| Heart Valve Auscultation Sites | All Patients Take Medications Starting from top left: Aortic – 2nd intercostal space, right sternal edge Pulmonary – 2nd intercostal space, left sternal edge Tricuspid – 4th intercostal space, right sternal edge Mitral – 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line |
| Position of structures passing through the diaphragm | I ate ten eggs at 12 T8 – IVC T10 – Esophagus, vagus n. T12 – Aorta, azygous vein, Thoracic duct |
Biochemistry
| Amino acid cotransporter in kidney | COLA Cysteine Ornithine Lysine Arginine |
| Branched amino acids in maple syrup disease | I Love Vermont maple syrup Isoleucine Leucine Valine |
| Fructose intolerance and galactosemia enzyme deficiencies | FAB GUT Fructose is to Aldolase B as Galactose is to UridylTransferase |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase cofactors | TLC For Nancy Thiamine – B1 Lipoic acid CoA FAD NAD |
Biostats and Ethics
| Malpractice Claim 4 Elements | Duty Breach of that duty Harm Damage |
Blood Pressure
| Hypertension Treatment | ABCD A – ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin-II-antagonists (sometimes Alpha-agonists also) B – Beta-blockers C – Calcium channel blockers D – Diuretics (Thiazides) |
| Hydrochlorothiazide Side Effects | “HyperGLUC” -hyperGlycemia -hyperLipidemia -hyperUricemia -hyperCalcemia *Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia |
| Vasodilators safe in Pregnancy | Hypertensive Moms Love Nifedipine Hydralazine Methyldopa Labetalol (and other B Blockers) Nifedipine (and other CCBs) |
Cardiology
Dermatology
Drug-Induced
| Drug-Induced Lupus | SHIPP Sulfonamides Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Phenytoin |
| Pellagra symptoms | 4 D’s Dermatitis Diarrhea Dementia Death |
| Photosensitivity – Drug SE | SAT for Fhoto Sulfonamides Amiodarone Tetracycline (+Fluoroquinolones) |
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
| Abdominal Distension Causes | 6 Fʼs F Fat F Fetus F Flatus F Faeces F Fluid F Flipping great tumor |
| Acute Pancreatitis Causes | BAD HHITS Biliary stones Alcohol abuse Drugs – HIV drugs, ritonavir, sulfa drugs Hypertriglyceridemia Hypercalcemia Idiopathic Trauma Scorpion sting |
| Chronic Liver Disease Presentation | ABCDEFGHIJ A – Asterixis (ʻliver flapʼ)/Ascites/Ankle oedema/Atrophy of testicles B – Bruising/BP. C – Clubbing/Colour change of nails; white (leuconychia) D – Dupuytrenʼs contracture E – Erythema (palmar)/Encephalopathy F – hepatic Foetor G – Gynaecomastia H – Hepato splenomegaly I – Increase in size of parotids J – Jaundice |
| Crohn’s Disease | a CROw SKIPS along a COBBLESTONE path while pulling a GRAin on A STRING – CROw = Crohn’s disease – SKIPS = skip lesions – Cobblestone = cobblestoning – GRAin = granulomas – STRING = string sign CHRIS Has Too Much Diarrhoea and Abdominal pain C – Cobblestone appearance of mucosa H – High temperature R – Reduced lumen/Rose-thorn ulcers I – Intestinal fistulae/Ileo-caecal region commonly involved (40% of cases) S – Skip lesions H – Hyperplasia of mesenteric lymph nodes T – Transmural inflammation (all layers, may ulcerate) M – Malabsorption D – Diarrhoea (watery) A – Abdominal pain |
| Gallstones 4F’s | Fat Fertile Female over Forty |
| Ulcerative Colitis | ULCERS IN Abdomen U – Ulcers (mucosal and submucosal) L – Large intestine (rectum always involved. May extend proximally to involve entire colon) C – Clubbing E – Extra-intestinal manifestations R – Remnants of old ulcers (pseudopolyps) S – Stools bloody I – Inflamed, red, granular mucosa and sub mucosa N – Neutrophil invasion A – Abscesses in crypts |
| Ulcerative Colitis Complications | How To Perform GI Colonoscopy H – Haemorrhage T – Toxic megacolon P – Perforation G – Gallstones C – Colorectal carcinoma (in those with extensive disease for > 10 years) |
| Plummer Vinson syndrome triad | DIE Dysphagia Iron deficiency anemia Esophageal webs |
| Retroperitoneal Structures | A DUCK PEAR Adrenal glands Duodenum Ureters Colon Kidneys Pancreas Esophagus Aorta Rectum |
| Signet ring cells diseases | Gastric Adenocarcinoma Lobular Carcinoma In Situ |
Genetics
| Autosomal dominant disorders | MARFAHN Marfan, MEN Acute intermittent porphyria Retinoblastoma Familial hypercholesterolemia, FAP ADPKD Huntington’s, Hereditary spherocytosis NF type 1 |
| Lesch Nyhan syndrome symptoms | HGPRT absence Hyperuricemia Gout Pissed off – agitation, self-mutilation Retardation dysTonia |
| mRNA stop codons | UGA – U Go Away UAA – U Are Away UAG – U Are Gone |
| Prader Willi vs Angelman Syndrome | POP Prader Willi Overeating and obesity Paternal gene deletion MAMA Maternal gene deletion Angelman Mood – inappropriate laughter Ataxia |
| X linked disorders | Oblivious Female Will Give Her Boys Her x Linked Disorders Ocular albinism Fabry disease Wiskott-Aldrich G6PD deficiency Hunter syndrome Bruton agammaglobulinemia Hemophilia A and B Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
Hematology
Immunology
| DiGeorge syndrome | CATCH 22 Cardiac abnormalities – tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus Abnormal facies Thymic hypoplasia Cellular immune deficiency, Cleft palate Hypoparathyroid with hypocalcemia – tetany 22q11 gene deletion |
| Eosinophilia Causes | DNAAACP Drugs Neoplasm Atopic dieseases (allergy, asthma, churg-strauss) Addison disease Acute interstitial nephritis Collagen vascular disease Parasites (Ascaris) |
| HLA B27 Diseases (Seronegative spondyloarthropathies) | PAIR Psoriatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis IBD Reactive arthritis – Reiter syndrome |
| IL 1-5 functions | Hot T Bone stEAk IL 1 – fever IL 2 – T cell stimulator IL 3 – stimulates bone marrow stem cell growth IL 4 – IgE production – asthma, allergy IL 5 – IgA and eosinophil production – helminth infection |
| Lupus can cause what heart problem | SLE causes LSE LSE – Libman-Sacks endocarditis |
| T3 functions | 4 Bs Brain maturation Bone growth Beta-adrenergic effects – B1 in heart BMR inc |
| Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome | WAITER Wiskott Aldrich Immunodeficiency Thrombocytopenia and purpura Eczema Recurrent pyogenic infections |
| X Linked Immunodeficiencies | WACH Wiskott Aldrich Bruton Agammaglobulinemia Chronic granulomatous disease Hyper IgM syndrome |
Infectious Diseases
Muskuloskeletal
| Hamstring muscles | Boys To Men (lateral to medial) Biceps femoris semiTendinosus semiMembranosus |
| Lateral ankle sprain | ATFL Always Tears First Ligament Anterior TaloFibular Ligament |
| Rotator Cuff muscles | SItS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus teres minor Subscapularis |
Nephrology
Neurology
| AICA lesion symptoms | Facial droop means aica’s pooped Facial droop |
| Antiparkinson Drugs | SALAD: S – Selegiline A – Anticholinenergics (trihexyphenidyl, benzhexol, orphenadrine) L – L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa, benserazide) A – Amantadine D – Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists (bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole) Benztropine (Cogentin) Stimulates parasympathetic nervous system. Nausea, Diarrhea. |
| Branches of the facial nerve | To Zanzibar By Motorcar T – Temporal nerve Z – Zygomatic nerve B – Buccal nerve M – Marginal mandibular nerve C – Cervical nerve |
| Cranial Bones | PEST OF 6 P – Parietal E – Ethmoidal S – Sphenoid T – Temporal O – Occipital F – Frontal 6 – This indicates the number of bones |
| Cranial nerves in the brainstem | Rule of 4s: 4 above the pons – 1-4 4 in the pons – 5-8 4 in the medulla – 9-12 4 medial/midline nuclei – 3,4,6,12 – factors of 12 |
| Delirium Causes | I WATCH DEATH Infection Withdrawal Acute metabolic/Substance Abuse Trauma CNS pathology Hypoxia Deficiencies Endocrine Acute vascular/MI Toxins/drugs Heavy metals |
| Hypothalamus nuclei lesions | Lateral – hunger – If you zap your lateral area, you shrink laterally Ventromedial – satiety – if you zap your ventromedial area, you will grow ventrally and medially Anterior – cooling – A/C Posterior – heating Suprachiasmatic – circadian rhythm – you need sleep to be charismatic |
| Lateral (Side) structures (4) that start with “S” and associated deficits | Spinocerebellar pathway – ipsilateral arm and leg ataxia Spinothalamic pathway – contralateral loss of pain and temp in arm, leg, and trunk Sensory nucleus of CN V – ipsilateral loss of pain and temp on part of face supplied by CN V Sympathetic pathway – ipsilateral horner syndrome |
| Limbic System 5 Fs | 5 Fs Feeding Fleeing Fighting Feeling Sex – F***ing |
| Midline structures(4) that start with “M” and associated deficits | Motor pathway – corticospinal tract – contralateral arm and leg weakness Medial lemniscus – contralateral loss of vibration and proprioception in arm and leg MLF – ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia Motor nucleus and nerve – ipsilateral defect of affected – 3,4,6,12 |
| Migraine | EAT FUN E – Episodic A – Aura – zigzag lines T – Throbbing headache F – Family history/F(p)hoto-phobia U – Unilateral N – Nausea and vomiting |
| Multiple Sclerosis Charcot Triad | SIIIN Scanning speech Intention tremor Incontinence Internuclear ophthalmoplegia Nystagmus |
| Nucleus Solitarius function Nucleus aMbiguous function | S – visceral Sensory info – taste, baroreceptors M – Motor innervation of swallowing – pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus |
| Neural crest cell derivatives | MAGIC COPS Melanocytes Aorticopulmonary septum Ganglia – pns, drg, celiac, ans Iris stroma Chromaffin cells Cranial nerves Odontoblasts/ossicles Parafollicular (C) cells Sclerae |
| Parkinson’s Sx | TRAPS Tremor – pill-rolling at rest Rigidity – cogwheel Akinesia – bradykinesia Postural instability Shuffling gait |
| Pica lesion symptoms | Don’t pick a horse that cant eat Pick a – pica Horse – hoarseness Cant eat – dysphagia |
| Stroke – investigations | 4 Ps P – Plasma: FBC, U&E, ESR, glucose, lipids P – Pump, i.e heart (ECG, echocardiogram) P – Pipes: carotid Doppler ultrasound P – Picture of brain: CT/MRI; detects ischaemia or haemorrhages |
| Stroke – management | ABCDEFGHI A – Advice – lifestyle changes e.g. stop smoking, reduce alcohol intake, lose weight B – BP control C – Cholesterol control D – Diabetes control E – Elastic stockings (prophylaxis for DVT, PE) F – Fibrillation (anticoagulant, rate control and cardiovert as required) G – Guardian drugs (aspirin, ACE inhibitors, etc) H – Help from occupational therapy (OT), speech and language therapy (SALT) and specialist stroke nurse I – Incontinence care and limit Immobility (pressure sores and contractures may develop otherwise) |
Nutrition
| Kwashiorkor Sx | FLAME Fatty Liver Anemia Malnutrition of protein and energy Edema |
OBGYN
| Cervical Cancer Increased Risk | MILD H M = Multiple pregnancy (i.e. multiparity) I = Infection (e.g. HPV, HIV, chlamydia) L = Lifestyle (e.g. smoking, multiple partners, early age at coitus, pregnancy prior to age 17) D = Drugs (e.g. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure) H = History (e.g. family history of cervical cancer) |
| Endometrial Carcinoma Risk Factors | HHONDA Hyperplasia HTN Obesity Nulliparity Diabetes Anovulatory state |
| Labor – onset | Ready Mom for Some Discomfort R – Regular and painful uterine contractions M – Membranes ruptured S – ʻShowʼ D – Dilatation and effacement of cervix |
| Labor – determine rate and outcome | 3 Pʼs P – Powers: strength of the uterine contractions P – Passages: size of the pelvic inlet and outlet P – Passengers: fetus – is it big or small, does it have anomalies, is it alive or dead? |
| Menopause symptoms | HAVOCS Hot flashes Atrophy of the Vagina Osteoporosis Coronary artery disease Sleep disturbances |
| Quad Screening for Trisomy 21 and 18 | Trisomy 21 = “2 up, 2 down” – increased Inhibin-A – increased beta-hCg – decreased AFP – decreased estriol Trisomy 18 = “still UNDERage at 18” – decreased AFP, estriol, beta-hCG, and inhibin A |
| Teratogens | Clarithromycin – embryotoxic Sulfonamides – kernicterus Aminoglycosides – ototoxicity Fluoroquinolones – cartilage damage Metronidazole – mutagenesis Tetracyclines – discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth Ribavirin Griseofulvin |
Oncology
| Bone Tumor Xray findings | osteoCHondroma -CHunk of bone osteoCLastoma -clean, soap bubble appearance osteoSarComa -Sunburst pattern, Codman’s triangle Ewing sarcoma -onion rings, onion skinning |
| Burkitt lymphoma gene translation | 8urki14 (Burkitt) |
| Cancers with Psammoma Bodies | PSaMMoma Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid Serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary Meningioma Mesothelioma |
| EPO producing tumors | Potentially Really High Hematocrit Pheochromocytoma RCC HCC Hemangioblastoma |
| Mets to Bone | Permanently Relocated Tumors Like Bone Prostate RCC Testes/Thyroid Lung Breast |
| Mets to Brain | Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia Lung Breast Skin (melanoma) Kidney (RCC) GI tract (colon cancer) |
| Mets to Liver | Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver Colon Stomach Pancreas Breast Lung |
| Tumor Lysis Syndrome | PiKachU 45678 = 2 out of 4 for diagnosis of tumor lysis syndrome – Phosphorus >4.5 – K >= 6.0 – Ca <= 7.0 – Uric acid >= 8.0 |
Orthopedics
| Olecranon bursitis (and other aseptic bursitis) Treatment | C PRIME C = Compression (typically with elastic dressings) P = Protection of joint (with padding or braces) R = Rest (avoid pain exacerbating movements) I = Ice M = Medication (NSAIDs and tylenol) E = Elevation (above heart level) *NOTE: injection (i.e. steroids) NOT recommended |
Pediatrics
| APGAR score | Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration |
| Branchial arch derivatives | 1 – Ms and Ts 2 – Ss 3 – pharyngeal 4 – cricothyroid 6 – larynx Or Chew, smile, swallow stylishly, then simply swallow, and speak |
| Kawasaki disease symptoms | CRASH and burn Conjunctival infection Rash – desquamating Adenopathy – cervical Strawberry tongue Hand and foot changes – edema fever |
| Mesodermal defects | VACTERL Vertebral defects Anal atresia Cardiac defects Tracheo Esophageal fistula Renal defects Limb defects – bone and muscle |
Psychiatry
| Antipsychotics | The Pines, Zines, & Dones were crazy. ClozaPINE OlanzaPINE QuetiaPINE ProchlorperaZINE FluphenaZINE TrifluoperaZINE ChlorpromaZINE RisperiDONE ZiprasiDONE iSHADE i – impotence S- sedation H – hypotension A – Akathisia D – Dermatological SEs E – Extrapyramidal reactions (acute dystonias, rigidity, tremor, tachycardia) |
| Benzodiazepines | Ben SCAMs Pam into seduction not by brain but by muscle Medications end mostly in PAM. (Except: Poxide/Pate) S – Sedation C – anti-“C”onvulsant A – anti-Anxiety M – Muscle relaxant Not by brain: No antipsychotic activity. Benzodiazepines: antidote “Ben is off with the flu”: Flumazenil The nonbenzo got on the bus and left the group. BUSpirone Enhances Inhibitory GABA Effects |
| Lithium | Lithium: side effects LITH Therapeutic Range ( 0.6 – 1.2) L – Leukocytosis ( Less than 3000) I – Insipidus [diabetes insipidus, tied to polyuria] T – Tremor/ Teratogenesis H – Hypothyroidism |
| Major Depressive Disorder Criteria | SIGDECAPS Sleep Interest Guilt Depression Energy Concentration Appetite Psychomotor Suicide – thoughts of death |
| Manic or Hypomanic episode Criteria | DIG FAST 1 week or more = Manic 4-7 days = hypomanic Distractibility Impulsivity Grandiosity Flight of ideas Activities/psychomotor agitation Sleep – reduced need Talkativeness |
| MAOIs | HAHA, Ma owes “Phenel” & “Isocar” a “Tranny” (PIT – Pit of despair) “P”henelizine “I”socarboxazid “T”ranylcypromine H – Hypertension/Hypertensive Crisis A – Anticholinergic Side Effects H – Hepatocellular Jaundice A – Arrhythmia/Anorexia |
| Serotonin Syndrome | They were HARMED H – Hyperthermia A – Autonomic Instability (Delirium) R – Rigidity M – Myoclonis (spasmodic jerky contraction of groups of muscles.) E – Encephalopathy D -Diaphoresis |
| SSRI’s | Ser Ox Pram BAD SSRI SERtraline ParOXetine FLUOXamine FLUOXetine CitaloPRAM EscitaloPRAM B – Body weight increase A – Anxiety D – Dizziness S – Serotonin Syndrome S – Stimulated CNS R – Reproductive/Sexual dysfunction I – Insomnia |
| TCA’s | Mean (mine) & depressed They Cried Antidepressants (TCAs). ImipraMINE desipraMINE TrimipraMINE PratriptylINE AmitriptylINE ClomipraMINE T – Thrombocytopenia C – Cardiac (Arrhythmia, MI, Stroke) A – Anticholinergic (Tachycardia, Urinary Retention Blurred vision, Constipation/Confusion) S – Seizures |
| Valproic Acid Side Effects | side effects VALPROATE: V – Vomiting A – Alopecia L – Liver toxicity P – Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia R – Retention of fats (weight gain) O – Oedema (peripheral edema) A – Appetite increase T – Tremor E – Enzyme inducer (liver) (Anticonvulsant) called Depakote Carbamazepine – Tegretol |
Pulmonology
| ARDS Causes | SPARTAS Sepsis Pancreatitis, pneumonia Aspiration uRemia Trauma Amniotic fluid embolism Shock |
| Oxygen-Hemoglobin dissociation curve – Right shift (decreased affinity for O2) | Inc BAT ACE BPG (2,3-BPG) Altitude Temperature Acid CO2 Exercise |
| Relation of Pulmonary Artery to Bronchus at each hilus | RALS Right Anterior Left Superior |
| Tuberculosis Treatment | RIPE Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol |
Rheumatology
| Sarcoidosis symptoms | A GRaUELING Disease inc ACE Gammaglobulinemia Rheumatoid arthritis Uveitis – eye Erythema nodosum – skin nodules Lymphadenopathy – hilar is common Idiopathic Non-caseating Granulomas inc vitamin D also inc Ca2+ |
| Scleroderma/CREST syndrome | CREST Calcinosis Raynauds phenomenon Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia |
| Sjogrens syndrome symptoms | Cant see, cant spit, cant climb up shit Cant see – dry eyes Cant spit – xerostomia – dry mouth Cant climb up shit – arthritis |
Substance Abuse
| Alcohol/Drug screening in children | CRAFFT – Car = have you ridden in a CAR driven by someone who was intoxicated or high? – Relax = do you use alcohol or other substances to RELAX or fit in? – Alone = do you use drugs or alcohol while ALONE? – Forget = do you ever FORGET what you did while using drugs or alcohol? – Friends = do your FRIENDS or family ever recommend that you cut down on drugs or alcohol use? – Trouble = have you ever been in TROUBLE while using drugs or alcohol? *NOTE: each question is 1 point and anything >1 is concerning for possible substance dependence |
| Alcohol Use Assessment | CAGE Cut back Annoyance Guilt Eye opener |
| Alcohol – Korsakoff Psychosis | RACK R = Retrograde amnesia A = Anterograde amnesia C = Confabulations K = Korsakoff psychosis |
| Aspirin Overdose Presentation | DAFT HID (early symptoms) D – Deafness A – Appear flushed F – Fever T – Tinnitus H – Hyperventilation I – Increased sweating D – Dizziness |
| OPIOIDs Side Effects | Opioids: effects BAD AMERICANS B – Bradycardia & hypotension A – Anorexia D – Diminished pupillary size A – Analgesics M – Miosis E – Euphoria R – Respiratory depression I – Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction) C – Constipation A – Ameliorate cough reflex N – Nausea and vomiting S – Sedation |
| Paracetamol Overdose | COMAH C – Chronic alcohol abusers O – On drugs that increase cytochrome P450 activity, anti-TB drugs M – Malnourished individuals A – Anorexic patients H – HIV patients |
| Pupil dilation | COwLA Cocaine Opiate withdrawal LSD Amphetamines |
| Wernicke Encephalopathy | COAT C = Confusion O = Ophthalmoplegia A = Ataxic gait T = Thiamine deficiency |
Toxicology
| Lead poisoning symptoms | LEADS Lead lines – burton lines Encephalopathy and erythrocyte basophilic stippling Abdominal colic and sideroblastic Anemia Drops – wrist and foot. Dimercaprol and EDTA are treatment. Succimer used in kids |
Vascular
| Classic pathway activation | GM makes Classic cars IgG and IgM bound to antigen binds C1 and activates the classical pathway of complement |
| DIC causes | STOP Making Thrombi Sepsis Trauma Obstetric complications acute Pancreatitis Malignancy Transfusion |
| Factors affected by a Vit K deficiency | diSCo started in 1972 Proteins S and C Factors X, IX, VII, II |
| HIT probability | “4 T’s” Thrombocytopenia Timing Thrombosis oTher causes of thrombocytopenia |
| Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Causes | MAID M – Malignancy A – Autoimmune diseases: SLE, thyroid disease, RA I – Infections: malaria, EBV, HIV/Idiopathic (commonest cause) D – Drugs, e.g. quinine |
| Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Presentation | BBC B – Bruising B – Bleeding: mucosal and nasal C – Cycles heavy; menorrhagia |
| TTP sx (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) | FAT RN (Pentad) Fever Anemia Thrombocytopenia Renal Failure Neurological symptoms |
Urology
| Sperm Pathway during Ejaculation | StEVE Seminiferous tubules Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct |
| Testicular Cancer Treatment | Eradicate Ball Cancer Etoposide Bleomycin Cisplatin |
Pharmaceuticals
| Adrenergic receptor – G protein (s, i, q) | Kiss (qiss) and Kick (qiq) until you are Sick (siq) of Super Kinky Sex (sqs) A1 – q M1 – q D1 – s A2 – i M2 – i D2 – i B1 – s M3 – q H1 – q B2 – s H2 – s V1 – q V2 – s |
| Gq receptors | Cutesies HAVe 1 M&M QCs H1 A1 V1 M1 M3 Gq – Phospholipase C – PIP2 -> IP3 -inc Ca2+ -> DAG – Protein Kinase C |
| Gs and Gi receptors | Gi – MAD 2s M2 A2 D2 Gs – the rest B1 B2 D1 H2 V2 Gs (+) –> Adenylyl Cyclase – Gi (-) ATP -> cAMP – Protein Kinase A |
| Aminogylcoside toxicity | NOT Nephro Oto Teratogenic |
| Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy | Colored educations seek killer atlases once focused conditioned doorbells meet meticulous technical twigs respectful tonsils get truths Clarithromycin – embryotoxic Sulfonamides – kernicterus Aminoglycosides – ototoxic Fluoroquinolones – cartilage damage Metronidazole – mutagenesis – 1st trimester Tetracyclines – yellow teeth, inhibits bone growth Ribavirin – teratogenic Griseofulvin – teratogenic |
| Anticholinergic Side Effects | ABCs A – Anorexia B – Blurred vision C – Constipation ‘S – Stasis of Urine |
| Antihistamines | HISTory of Water hydroxyzine hydrochloride hydroxyzine |
| Cholinergic Agonist toxicity | DUMBBELSS Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm Bradycardia Excitation of skeletal muscle + CNS Lacrimation Salivation Sweating |
| Corticosteroids Side Effect | BAM CUSHINGOID Buffalo hump Amenorrhea Moon facies Crazy (psychosis, agitation) Ulcers Skin changes Hypertension Infection Necrosis of femoral head Glaucoma and cataracts Osteoporosis Immunosuppression Diabetes |
| Disulfiram-like reactions | Metronidazole Certain cephalosporins Procarbazine 1st gen sulfonylureas |
| Drugs that act on microtubules | Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly Mebendazole Griseofulvin Colchicine Vincristine/Vinblastine Paclitaxel |
| Drugs that prolong QT and risk Torsades | Some Risky Meds Can Prolong QT Sotalol Risperidone Macrolides Chloroquine Protease inhibitors Quinidine Thiazides |
| Gynecomastia causing drugs | Some Dope Drugs Easily Create Awkward Hairy DD Knockers Spironolactone Dope (marijuana) Digoxin Estrogens Cimetidine Alcohol (chronic) Heroin Dopamine D2 antagonists Ketoconazole |
| Macrolide uses | PUS Pneumonia – atypical URI STDs – chlamydia, gonorrhea |
| Parasympathetic Inhibition (Antimusc/antichol) | Hot as a Hare – hyperpyrexia Red as a Beet – flushing Blind as a Bat – mydriasis, cycloplegia Dry as a Bone – lack of salivation/sweating Mad as a Hatter – confusion/delerium Bloated as a Toad – constipation and urinary retention +Tachycardia |
| Drugs that exhibit zero-order kinetic elimination | PEA Phenytoin Ethanol Aspirin |
| P450 inducers | Guinness, Coronas, and PBRS induce chronic alcoholism Griseofulvin Carbamazepine Phenytoin Barbiturates Rifampin St. Johns Wort Chronic Alcoholism |
| P450 inhibitors | CRACK AMIGOS Cimetidine Ritonavir (protease inhibitors) Amiodarone Ciprofloxacin Ketoconazole Acute alcohol use Macrolides Isoniazid Grapefruit juice Omeprazole Sulfonamides |
| Parkinsons drugs | BALSA Bromocriptine Amantadine Levodopa/Carbidopa Selegiline Antimuscarinics – Benztropine |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | Potassium, please have a SEAT Spironolactone aldosterone antagonist Eplerenone aldosterone antagonist Amiloride Na+ channel blocker Triamterene Na+ channel blocker |
| Protein synthesis inhibitors | Buy AT 30, CCELL at 50 30S: Aminoglycosides Tetracycline 50S: Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Erythromycin (all Macrolides) Lincomycin Linezolid |
| R’s of Rifampin | 4 R’s RNA polymerase inhibitor Revs up microsomal P450 Red-orange body fluids Rapid Resistance if used alone |
| Serotonin Syndrome | MADAMS TIPS Mental status changes Agitation Diarrhea Ataxia Myoclonus Shivering Tremor Inc reflex Pyrexia Sweating 3 A’s 1) Autonomic instability 2) Altered mental status/agitation 3) Neuromuscular activity (e.g. hyperreflexia) |
| Sulfa pills – allergies | Sulfa Pills Frequently Cause Terrible Acute Symptoms Sulfasalazine Probenecid Furosemide Celecoxib Thiazides/TMP-SMX Acetazolamide Sulfonylureas |
| Tetracycline uses | VACUUM THe BedRoom Vibrio cholera Acne Chlamydia Ureaplasma urealyticum Mycoplasma Tularemia H. pylori Borrelia Rickettsia |
| Vaccines – Live Attenuated | MR. VaZ MAPSY Measles Rubella Varicella-Zoster Measles Adenovirus Polio (Sabin) Yellow fever |
| Vaccines – Killed | RIP Always Rabies Influenza (injected) Polio (Salk) – SalK=Killed hep A virus |
| Vancomycin toxicity | NOT Nephro Oto Thrombophlebitis |
Diseases
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