Med Urinary System

Urinary System

1. Urinary system
2. Kidney
3. Renal pelvis
4. Ureter
5. Urinary bladder
6. Urethra (Left side with frontal section)
7. Adrenal gland
8. Renal artery and vein
9. Inferior vena cava
10. Abdominal aorta
11. Common iliac artery and vein
12. Liver
13. Large intestine
14. Pelvis

Jordi March i Nogué [1], CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Inferior vena cava

• a vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.

Abdominal aorta

• continuation of the thoracic aorta that runs through the abdominal cavity

Kidney

BruceBlaus, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

• an organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter

Renal vein

• blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and towards the heart

Renal artery

• an artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters

Hilum

• entry point for the artery, vein, and ureter in the kidney

Renal capsule

• The connective tissue covering the external surface of the kidney

Renal cortex

• outer layer of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules

Major calyx

• the cavity formed by the convergence of several minor calyces, which drain urine from the minor calyxes into the renal pelvis

Minor calyx

• a cup-shaped extension of the pelvis that encircles the apex of a pyramid

Renal corpuscle

• glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

Renal tubule

• microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Renal medulla

• inner portion of the kidney that consists of renal pyramids

Renal sinus

• central area of the kidney that includes the calyces, renal pelvis, renal vessels, fat, nerves, and lymphatics

Renal column

• area of cortical tissue running between the medullary pyramids

Renal pelvis

• a funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

Renal pyramid

• triangular-shaped division of the medulla of the kidney

Renal papilla

• narrow, innermost end of a pyramid

Papilla

• nipple-shaped elevation

Nephron Molar Transport

M•Komorniczak, Mcstrother, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Nephrons

• filtering units of the kidney that remove wastes from the blood and produce urine

Peritubular capillary

• one of the tiny blood vessels that form a network surrounding the proximal and distal tubules in the kidney

Descending limb

• The limb of the loop of Henle that carries fluid from the cortex towards the medulla of the kidney

Ascending limb

• The limb of the loop of Henle that carries fluid from the medulla towards the cortex of the kidney.

Cortical radiate artery

• Function: take blood to afferent arteriole that enters glomerulus

Cortical radiate vein

• Function: take deoxygenated blood from peritubular capillaries/vasa recta

Glomerular Capsule

Shypoetess, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Glomerulus

• small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place

Afferent arteriole

• The small artery that carries blood toward the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Juxtaglomerular cells

• The cells of the afferent artery at the juxtaglomerular apparatus. They are baroreceptors that secrete renin upon sensing a decrease in blood pressure.

Macula densa

• The cells of the distal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Podocyte

• epithelial cells lining Bowman’s capsule, whose foot processes form filtration slits

Adrenal gland

• A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.

OpenStax College, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Suprarenal artery

• supplies adrenal glands

Suprarenal vein

• paired vessel that drains the adrenal gland

Ureters

• the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Urinary bladder

• saclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted

Created by US government agency National Cancer Institute, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Urethra

• tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

OpenStax College, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Urinary Anatomy

Reference

• Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436.