Table Of Contents
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Screening: adults aged 40 to 70 years who are overweight or obese
- screening for abnormal blood glucose as part of cardiovascular risk assessment in adults aged 40 to 70 years who are overweight or obese.
- Clinicians should offer or refer patients with abnormal blood glucose to intensive behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful diet and physical activity.
Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer
- Preventive Medication: adults aged 50 to 59 years with a ≥10% 10-year cvd risk
- recommends initiating low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults aged 50 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk, are not at increased risk for bleeding, have a life expectancy of at least 10 years, and are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10 years.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults
- Screening: pregnant persons
- Recommends screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture in pregnant persons.
BRCA-Related Cancer
- Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing: women with a personal or family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer or an ancestry associated with brca1/2 gene mutation
- Recommends that primary care clinicians assess women with a personal or family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer or who have an ancestry associated with breast cancer susceptibility 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) gene mutations with an appropriate brief familial risk assessment tool.
- Women with a positive result on the risk assessment tool should receive genetic counseling and, if indicated after counseling, genetic testing.
Breast Cancer – medications
- Medication Use to Reduce Risk: women at increased risk for breast cancer
- recommends that clinicians offer to prescribe risk-reducing medications, such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitors, to women who are at increased risk for breast cancer and at low risk for adverse medication effects.
Breast Cancer – screening
- Screening: women aged 50 to 74 years
- recommends biennial screening mammography for women aged 50 to 74 years.
Breastfeeding
- Primary Care Interventions: pregnant women, new mothers, and their children
- recommends providing interventions during pregnancy and after birth to support breastfeeding.
Cervical Cancer
- Screening: women aged 21 to 65 years
- recommends screening for cervical cancer every 3 years with cervical cytology alone in women aged 21 to 29 years.
- For women aged 30 to 65 years, the USPSTF recommends screening every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, every 5 years with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing alone, or every 5 years with hrHPV testing in combination with cytology (cotesting).
- See the Clinical Considerations section for the relative benefits and harms of alternative screening strategies for women 21 years or older.
Colorectal Cancer
- Screening: adults aged 50 to 75 years
- recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years. The risks and benefits of different screening methods vary.
- See the Clinical Considerations section and the Table for details about screening strategies.
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Dental Caries in Children from Birth Through Age 5 Years
- Screening: children from birth through age 5 years
- recommends that primary care clinicians apply fluoride varnish to the primary teeth of all infants and children starting at the age of primary tooth eruption.
Dental Caries in Children from Birth Through Age 5 Years:
Depression in Adults
- Screening: general adult population, including pregnant and postpartum women
- recommends screening for depression in the general adult population, including pregnant and postpartum women.
- Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up.
Depression in Children and Adolescents
- Screening: adolescents aged 12 to 18 years
- recommends screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up.
Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
- Interventions: adults 65 years or older
- recommends exercise interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls.
Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects
- Preventive Medication: women who are planning or capable of pregnancy
- recommends that all women who are planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 µg) of folic acid.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
- Screening: asymptomatic pregnant women, after 24 weeks of gestation
- recommends screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in asymptomatic pregnant women after 24 weeks of gestation.
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia and – women
- Screening: sexually active women
- recommends screening for chlamydia in sexually active women age 24 years and younger and in older women who are at increased risk for infection.
- recommends screening for gonorrhea in sexually active women age 24 years and younger and in older women who are at increased risk for infection.
Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors
- Behavioral Counseling: adults who are overweight or obese and have additional cvd risk factors
- recommends offering or referring adults who are overweight or obese and have additional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to intensive behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for CVD prevention.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women
- Screening: pregnant women
- recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
- Screening, 2014: persons at high risk for infection
- recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in persons at high risk for infection.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults
- Screening: adults aged 18 to 79 years
- recommends screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
- Screening: adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years
- recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk of infection should also be screened.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Pregnancy
- Screening: pregnant persons
- recommends that clinicians screen for HIV infection in all pregnant persons, including those who present in labor or at delivery whose HIV status is unknown.
High Blood Pressure in Adults
- Screening: adults aged 18 years or older
- recommends screening for high blood pressure in adults aged 18 years or older.
- The USPSTF recommends obtaining measurements outside of the clinical setting for diagnostic confirmation before starting treatment (see the Clinical Considerations section).
Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults
- Screening: women of reproductive age
- recommends that clinicians screen for intimate partner violence (IPV) in women of reproductive age and provide or refer women who screen positive to ongoing support services.
- See the Clinical Considerations section for more information on effective ongoing support services for IPV and for information on IPV in men.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection
- Screening: asymptomatic adults at increased risk for infection
- Recommends screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in populations at increased risk.
Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia
- Preventive Medication : pregnant women who are at high risk for preeclampsia
- recommends the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg/d) as preventive medication after 12 weeks of gestation in women who are at high risk for preeclampsia.
Lung Cancer
- recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.
- Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.
Obesity in Children and Adolescents
- Screening: children and adolescents 6 years and older
- recommends that clinicians screen for obesity in children and adolescents 6 years and older and offer or refer them to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions to promote improvements in weight status.
Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum
- Preventive Medication: newborns
- recommends screening for osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in women 65 years and older.
Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures
- Screening: postmenopausal women younger than 65 years at increased risk of osteoporosis
- recommends screening for osteoporosis with bone measurement testing to prevent osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women younger than 65 years who are at increased risk of osteoporosis, as determined by a formal clinical risk assessment tool.
- See the Clinical Considerations section for information on risk assessment.
Perinatal Depression
- Preventive Interventions: pregnant and postpartum persons
- recommends that clinicians provide or refer pregnant and postpartum persons who are at increased risk of perinatal depression to counseling interventions.
Phenylketonuria in Newborns
Preeclampsia
- Screening: pregnant woman
- recommends screening for preeclampsia in pregnant women with blood pressure measurements throughout pregnancy.
Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: persons at high risk of hiv acquisition
- recommends that clinicians offer preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with effective antiretroviral therapy to persons who are at high risk of HIV acquisition.
Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents
- Primary Care Interventions: school-aged children and adolescents
- recommends that primary care clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use among school-aged children and adolescents.
- See the Clinical Considerations for more information on effective interventions.
Rh(D) Incompatibility
- Screening: unsensitized rh(d)-negative pregnant women
- recommends repeated Rh(D) antibody testing for all unsensitized Rh(D)-negative women at 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation unless the biological father is known to be Rh(D)-negative.
Rh(D) Incompatibility
- Screening: pregnant women, during the first pregnancy-related care visit
- strongly recommends Rh(D) blood typing and antibody testing for all pregnant women during their first visit for pregnancy-related care.
Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Behavioral Counseling: sexually active adolescents and adults
- recommends intensive behavioral counseling for all sexually active adolescents and for adults who are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Sickle Cell Disease (Hemoglobinopathies) in Newborns
Skin Cancer Prevention
- Behavioral Counseling: young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children
- recommends counseling young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children about minimizing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types to reduce their risk of skin cancer.
Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults
- Preventive Medication: adults aged 40 to 75 years with no history of cvd, 1 or more cvd risk factors, and a calculated 10-year cvd event risk of 10% or greater
- recommends that adults without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (ie, symptomatic coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke) use a low- to moderate-dose statin for the prevention of CVD events and mortality when all of the following criteria are met:
- 1) they are aged 40 to 75 years;
- 2) they have 1 or more CVD risk factors (ie, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, or smoking); and
- 3) they have a calculated 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event of 10% or greater. Identification of dyslipidemia and calculation of 10-year CVD event risk requires universal lipids screening in adults aged 40 to 75 years.
- See the “Clinical Considerations” section for more information on lipids screening and the assessment of cardiovascular risk.
Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents
- Screening : asymptomatic, nonpregnant adults and adolescents who are at increased risk for syphilis infection
- recommends screening for syphilis infection in persons who are at increased risk for infection.
Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women
Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women – pregnant
- Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions: pregnant women
- recommends that clinicians ask all pregnant women about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions for cessation to pregnant women who use tobacco.
Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women – nonpregnant
- Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions: adults who are not pregnant
- recommends that clinicians ask all adults about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide behavioral interventions and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacotherapy for cessation to adults who use tobacco.
Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults
- Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions: adults 18 years or older, including pregnant women
- recommends screening for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care settings in adults 18 years or older, including pregnant women, and providing persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking with brief behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use.
Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years
- Screening: children aged 3 to 5 years
- recommends vision screening at least once in all children aged 3 to 5 years to detect amblyopia or its risk factors.
Weight Loss to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults
- Behavioral Interventions: adults
- recommends that clinicians offer or refer adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions.
