FM ITE Nephro/Urology


Kidney Stones


  • Urine pH is an important factor in the production of kidney stones.
  • Uric acid, cystine, and calcium oxalate stones tend to form in acidic urine
  • whereas struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium phosphate stones form in alkaline urine.
  • Urine should be acidified for prevention of calcium phosphate and struvite stones.
  • Cranberry juice or betaine can lower urine pH.

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