Constipation and Diarrhea

Table Of Contents

1 Constipation

Drugs that causes Constipation:
- anticholinergics
- antihistamines
- antispasmodics
- antidepressants
- antipsychotics
- cation-containing agents:
  - iron supps
  - aluminum (antacids, sucralfate)
  - CaCO3
- Neural activating agents:
  - opiates
  - ganglionic blockers
  - vinca alkaloids (chemo)
  - CCBs
  - 5HT3 antagonist (ondansetron)

Types of Bulk laxatives (fibers)
- soluble (Psyllium, guar, pectin)
  - psyllium (Metamucil)
  - guar
  - pectin
- insoluble (cellulose, methylcellulose)
  - cellulose
  - methylcellulose

Types:
- bulk laxatives (fiber)
- emollient laxatives (stool softeners)
- osmotic laxatives (saline & hyperosmotic)
- stimulant laxatives
- Lubiprostone (amitiza)
- Mineral Oil
Bulk Laxatives:
- metamucil (psylium)
Emollient Laxatives:
- cholase
- docusate
Major type of Osmotic Laxatives
- Saline osmotic laxatives
  - Mg hydroxide (Milk of magnesia)
  - Mg citrate
  - sodium bisphosphate enemas (generic, fleet)
- Hyperosmotic laxatives
  - sorbitol
  - lactulose
  - polyethylene glycol (Miralax)
Stimulant Laxatives:
- bisacodyl (dulcolax)
- phenoiphthalein (Ex-lax)
- Senna-herbal

Antidiarrheal Medications:
- loperamide (Imodium-AD)
- Diphenoxylate & Atropine (Lomotil)
- Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)
- Kaolin & Pectin (Kaopectate)
- Cholestyramine (Questran)
- Colestipol (Colestid)
- Colesevelam (Welchol)