The Cardiac Disease section provides High Yield information for the USMLE, COMLEX, Medical School, Residency, and as a practicing Physicians. Prepare and Learn Ahead! Educating, Preparing, and Proving high-yield content, quizzes, and medical resources. to students who are interested in the medical field.
Congestive Heart Failure
| Right heart failure | Left heart failure | |
| Symptoms | JVD Peripheral Edema Hepatosplenomegaly | Pulmonary Edema Crackles Orthopnea Dyspnea on exertion Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Displaced PMI S3 |
| Diagnosis | BNP, Echo, Left heart cath (best; shows if ischemic or not) CXR and EKG don’t help diagnose HF because many things can causes abnormalities in these | BNP, Echo, Left heart cath (best; shows if ischemic or not) CXR and EKG don’t help diagnose HF because many things can causes abnormalities in these |
Right Heart Failure
Left Heart Failure
- Presentation:
- Pulmonary Edema
- Crackles
- Orthopnea
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- Displaced PMI
- S3
CHF exacerbation
NYHA Heart Failure Classification
| NYHA | I | II | III | IV |
| Presentation | no symptoms | no symptoms that interfere with activities of daily living | symptoms that sometimes interfere with activities of daily living | symptoms that always interfere with activities of daily living |
| Treatment | Beta-Blockers/Ace-I/ARB | Beta-Blockers/Ace-I/ARB + Loop Diuretics | Beta-Blockers/Ace-I/ARB + Loop Diuretics + Isosorbide-dinitrate/hydralazine/spironolactone | Beta-Blockers/Ace-I/ARB + Loop Diuretics + Isosorbide-dinitrate/hydralazine/spironolactone + ionotrops (dobutamine, mildranone) |
| H20 <2L/day NaCl <2g/day | H20 <2L/day NaCl <2g/day | H20 <2L/day NaCl <2g/day | H20 <2L/day NaCl <2g/day | |
| AICD (automated internal cardiac defibulator) | EF <35% + no Class 4 | EF <35% + no Class 4 | EF <35% + no Class 4 |
