The Cardiac Disease section provides High Yield information for the USMLE, COMLEX, Medical School, Residency, and as a practicing Physicians. Prepare and Learn Ahead! Educating, Preparing, and Proving high-yield content, quizzes, and medical resources. to students who are interested in the medical field.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Concentric hypertrophy
- Path: HTN
Pt: Diastolic CHF
Dx: Echo = concentric hypertrophy
Tx: Avoid dehydration, beta blockers/CCB, transplant, Control HTN
Hypertrophic Obstructive
- Path: Genetrics, mutations of sarcomeres
Pt: Murmur is simliar to aortic stenosis, young athletes, dyspnea on excretion, syncope, sudden cardiac death
Dx: Echo = asymmetric hypertrophy
Tx: Beta blockers/ccb (verapamil, diltiazam), avoid dehydration, no ETOH, ablation, myemectomy, AICD = increase risk of death, transplant
F/u: 1st degree relatives screened
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
- Path: Amyloid, sarcoid, hemachoromatosis, CA, fibrosis
Pt: Diastolic CHF- Amyloid = neuropathy
- Sarcoid – pulmonary dz
- Hemachromatotis = Cirrosis, DM
Dx: Echo = Restrictive- Amyloid = Fat pad biopsy
- Sarcoid = Cardiac MRI, end-myocardial biopsy
- Hemachromatosis = Ferritin –> gene
Tx: Dilated CHF treatment = BB/CCB, gentle diuresis, transplant, and treat underlying dx
Amyloidosis
- Manifestations:
- Cardiac → restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia
- GI → macroglossia, hepatomegaly
- Renal → nephrotic syndrome
- Hematologic → easy bruising, splenomegaly
- Neurologic → neuropathy
- Musculoskeletal → carpal tunnel syndrome
- Cardiac → restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia
